Mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive cancer caused primarily by asbestos exposure, affecting the linings of the lungs, abdomen, heart, or testicles. The top five early signs and symptoms include chest pain, persistent shortness of breath, dry cough, unexplained weight loss, and extreme fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy, with treatment options ranging from surgery to emerging immunotherapies. Early detection and symptom management improve outcomes for patients worldwide.